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#### Integration by Parts

Integration by Parts
Examples
Integration by Parts with a definite integral
Going in Circles
Tricks of the Trade

#### Integrals of Trig Functions

Antiderivatives of Basic Trigonometric Functions
Product of Sines and Cosines (mixed even and odd powers or only odd powers)
Product of Sines and Cosines (only even powers)
Product of Secants and Tangents
Other Cases

#### Trig Substitutions

How Trig Substitution Works
Summary of trig substitution options
Examples
Completing the Square

#### Partial Fractions

Introduction to Partial Fractions
Linear Factors
Improper Rational Functions and Long Division
Summary

#### Strategies of Integration

Substitution
Integration by Parts
Trig Integrals
Trig Substitutions
Partial Fractions

#### Improper Integrals

Type 1 - Improper Integrals with Infinite Intervals of Integration
Type 2 - Improper Integrals with Discontinuous Integrands
Comparison Tests for Convergence

#### Modeling with Differential Equations

Introduction
Separable Equations
A Second Order Problem

#### Euler's Method and Direction Fields

Direction Fields
Euler's method revisited

#### Separable Equations

The Simplest Differential Equations
Separable differential equations
Mixing and Dilution

#### Models of Growth

Exponential Growth and Decay
The Zombie Apocalypse (Logistic Growth)

#### Linear Equations

Linear ODEs: Working an Example
The Solution in General
Saving for Retirement

#### Parametrized Curves

Three kinds of functions, three kinds of curves
The Cycloid
Visualizing Parametrized Curves
Tracing Circles and Ellipses
Lissajous Figures

#### Calculus with Parametrized Curves

Video: Slope and Area
Video: Arclength and Surface Area
Summary and Simplifications
Higher Derivatives

#### Polar Coordinates

Definitions of Polar Coordinates
Graphing polar functions
Video: Computing Slopes of Tangent Lines

#### Areas and Lengths of Polar Curves

Area Inside a Polar Curve
Area Between Polar Curves
Arc Length of Polar Curves

#### Conic sections

Slicing a Cone
Ellipses
Hyperbolas
Parabolas and Directrices
Shifting the Center by Completing the Square

#### Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates

Foci and Directrices
Visualizing Eccentricity
Astronomy and Equations in Polar Coordinates

#### Infinite Sequences

Approximate Versus Exact Answers
Examples of Infinite Sequences
Limit Laws for Sequences
Theorems for and Examples of Computing Limits of Sequences
Monotonic Covergence

#### Infinite Series

Introduction
Geometric Series
Limit Laws for Series
Test for Divergence and Other Theorems
Telescoping Sums

#### Integral Test

Preview of Coming Attractions
The Integral Test
Estimates for the Value of the Series

#### Comparison Tests

The Basic Comparison Test
The Limit Comparison Test

#### Convergence of Series with Negative Terms

Introduction, Alternating Series,and the AS Test
Absolute Convergence
Rearrangements

The Ratio Test
The Root Test
Examples

#### Strategies for testing Series

Strategy to Test Series and a Review of Tests
Examples, Part 1
Examples, Part 2

#### Power Series

Radius and Interval of Convergence
Finding the Interval of Convergence
Power Series Centered at $x=a$

#### Representing Functions as Power Series

Functions as Power Series
Derivatives and Integrals of Power Series
Applications and Examples

#### Taylor and Maclaurin Series

The Formula for Taylor Series
Taylor Series for Common Functions
Adding, Multiplying, and Dividing Power Series
Miscellaneous Useful Facts

#### Applications of Taylor Polynomials

Taylor Polynomials
When Functions Are Equal to Their Taylor Series
When a Function Does Not Equal Its Taylor Series
Other Uses of Taylor Polynomials

#### Functions of 2 and 3 variables

Functions of several variables
Limits and continuity

#### Partial Derivatives

One variable at a time (yet again)
Definitions and Examples
An Example from DNA
Geometry of partial derivatives
Higher Derivatives
Differentials and Taylor Expansions

#### Differentiability and the Chain Rule

Differentiability
The First Case of the Chain Rule
Chain Rule, General Case
Video: Worked problems

#### Multiple Integrals

General Setup and Review of 1D Integrals
What is a Double Integral?
Volumes as Double Integrals

#### Iterated Integrals over Rectangles

How To Compute Iterated Integrals
Examples of Iterated Integrals
Fubini's Theorem
Summary and an Important Example

#### Double Integrals over General Regions

Type I and Type II regions
Examples 1-4
Examples 5-7
Swapping the Order of Integration
Area and Volume Revisited

#### Double integrals in polar coordinates

dA = r dr (d theta)
Examples

#### Multiple integrals in physics

Double integrals in physics
Triple integrals in physics

#### Integrals in Probability and Statistics

Single integrals in probability
Double integrals in probability

#### Change of Variables

Review: Change of variables in 1 dimension
Mappings in 2 dimensions
Jacobians
Examples
Bonus: Cylindrical and spherical coordinates

Suppose that we have a thin plate, so thin that it's practically 2-dimensional. Such a plate is called a planar lamina. A lamina is described by the region $D$ in the $x$-$y$ plane that it covers, and by its mass density $\rho(x,y)$, which gives the mass per unit area. In the following video, we show how to get the mass and center-of-mass of a lamina by integration.

If the density were a constant, finding the total mass of the lamina would be easy: we would just multiply the density by the area. When the density isn't constant, we need to integrate instead. The mass of a little box of area $dA$ around the point $(x,y)$ is essentially $\rho(x,y) dA$. For the total mass of the lamina, we add up the boxes and take a limit to get $$M \ = \ \iint_D \rho(x,y) dA.$$ This integral can be done in rectangular coordinates, polar coordinates, or by whatever method you prefer.

 Example 1: Find the mass of a lamina with density function $\rho(x,y)=6x$ covering the triangle $D$ bounded by the $x$-axis, the line $y=x$, and the line $y=2-x$. Solution: We express $D$ as a Type II region, with $x$ running from $y$ to $2-y$ and $y$ running from $0$ to $1$. Our mass is then \begin{eqnarray*}M & = & \iint_D \rho(x,y) dA \\ & = & \int_0^1 \int_{y}^{2-y} 6x\, dx\, dy \\ & = & \int_0^1 3[(2-y)^2-y^2] dy \\ & = & -[(2-y)^3+y^3]_0^1 \ = \ 6. \end{eqnarray*}

The center-of-mass of a body is a weighted average of the positions of the particles inside. Since a box of area $dA$ at position $(x,y)$ has a mass that's a fraction $\rho(x,y) dA/M$ of the total, the center-of-mass of our lamina is at position $(\bar x, \bar y)$, where \begin{eqnarray*} \bar x & = & \frac{1}{M} \iint_D x \rho(x,y) dA \\ \bar y & = & \frac{1}{M} \iint_D y \rho(x,y) dA \end{eqnarray*}

 Example 2: Find the center-of-mass of the lamina of Example 1. Solution: We have to compute two integrals, one for each coordinate: \begin{eqnarray*}\iint_D x \rho(x,y) & = & \int_0^1 \int_{y}^{2-y} 6x^2\, dx\, dy \\ & = & \int_0^1 2[(2-y)^3-y^3] dy \\ & = & - \left . \frac{(2-y)^4 + y^4}{2} \right |_0^1 \ = \ 7. \end{eqnarray*} \begin{eqnarray*} \iint_D y \rho(x,y) & = & \int_0^1 \int_{y}^{2-y} 6xy\, dx\, dy \\ & = & \int_0^1 3y[(2-y)^2-y^2] dy \\ &=& \int_0^1 12y - 12y^2 dy \\ & = & \left . 6y^2 - 4y^3 \right |_0^1 \ =\ 2. \end{eqnarray*} Dividing by the mass gives the location $(\bar x, \bar y)$ of our center-of-mass: $$\bar x = \frac{7}{6}; \qquad \bar y = \frac{1}{3}.$$

The moment of inertia of an object indicates how hard it is to rotate. For a point particle, the moment of inertial is $I=mr^2$, where $m$ is the mass of the particle and $r$ is the distance from the particle to the axis of rotation. The moment of intertia of an object with many pieces is the sum of the moments of inertia of its pieces. The following video what the moment of inertia means physically, and how we can calculate it.

Let's imagine that we're rotating around the origin, so $r^2=x^2+y^2$. Since the moment of inertial of a little box of size $dA$ at position $(x,y)$ is $(x^2+y^2) \rho(x,y) dA$, the moment of inertia of the entire lamina is $$I = \iint_D (x^2+y^2) \rho(x,y) dA.$$

 Example 3: Find the moment of inertial of a lamina covering the inside of the unit circle, with density function $\rho(x,y) = 1-x^2-y^2$. Solution: This problem is best worked in polar coordinates. Our integral is \begin{eqnarray*} I \ = \ \iint_D r^2 \rho(x,y) dA & = & \int_0^{2 \pi} \int_0^1 r^2 (1-r^2) r dr d\theta \\ &=& \int_0^{2\pi} \int_0^1 (r^3-r^5) dr d\theta \\ & = & \int_0^{2\pi} \frac{d\theta}{12} \ = \ \frac{\pi}{6}. \end{eqnarray*}